Wednesday, August 26, 2020

MOD 5 Discussion Determining Which Agency Should Command an ICS Post Essay

MOD 5 Discussion Determining Which Agency Should Command an ICS Post - Essay Example The irresistible ailment and synthetic tainting are both risky to general wellbeing and require crisis reaction dependent on specific strategies and vital arranging so they don't compromise open security or peril to open property. The ICS individual are uniquely prepared for such occasions and in this way they should assume control over the order of the circumstance once the open declaration is made on the issue. Non-clinical staff/supervisors regularly have settle on significant choices during a bio-fear based oppressor assault since it includes incorporated debacle reaction which likewise makes it vital for them to grow speedy organized arrangement that additionally incorporates close coordination of different organizations and volunteers to handle the circumstance. Clinical experts are centered around the ailments and its effect on individuals however come up short on the administrative initiative to build up an arranged methodology that would assist the procedure of early clearing and treatment of casualties/patients (Ness, 2006). In particular, the mastery of ICS in a debacle circumstance generally depends on their capacities to organize various organizations and projects into a solitary office for quick and proficient reaction to the emergency (Greene, 2002). They likewise have important abilities, methods and devices that can be conveyed rapidly for safeguarding casualties. (words:

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Tattoos. Cultures that Use Tattoo and Methods of Tattooing Research Paper

Tattoos. Societies that Use Tattoo and Methods of Tattooing - Research Paper Example Albeit generally considered by some as a minor method of adorning one’s body with the common mythical serpent or butterfly, tattoos are viewed as an outlet of innovativeness and a mechanism of articulation by the individuals who genuinely comprehend and acknowledge workmanship. While tattoos regularly appear to convey negative relationship as the pictures of posses of intense biker young men, and their unbridled lady friends strike a chord as you consider such body embellishment, they are likewise considered enormously important and noteworthy by different societies. The individuals of Thailand view getting tattoos as a strict custom and they are regularly used to delineate blessed images like tigers, sanctuaries, or refrains from sacrosanct petitions. As opposed to this, the Japanese culture utilized tattoos to mark crooks for all time, which worked like an open presentation of one’s acts. Correspondingly, in Germany also, inking detainees with sequential numbers impli ed making it simpler to distinguish them. Such use of inking clarifies why tattoos are related with hoodlums and mafia men. Then again, notwithstanding, a few Germans have additionally reclaimed the status of inking to that of a type of a body craftsmanship by utilizing women’s bodies as their canvases to improve and subsequently show their aesthetic gifts. Local clans of the Polynesian Islands over the Pacific Ocean have made this a stride further as they view inking as a portrayal of one’s social remaining, as they utilize tattoos to outline heredity, rank in the public eye and sexuality (Wianecki, 2011). In Western societies, as should be obvious on the TV, the tattoo culture is enormously predominant, since various Hollywood on-screen characters like Eva Longoria, Megan Fox, and Ben Affleck, among others, are seen flaunting their tattoos on their lower backs, necks, lower legs and different other body parts. What's more, the tattoo culture is on the ascent and has genuinely become a fury as symbols, for example, Avril Lavigne and David Beckham decide to show their independence through a minuscule tattoo on the wrist, or through enormous ones on the back and arms (Mifflin, 1997). As these VIPs are turned upward to by tremendous fan followings, which immediately mirror their preferred icons, the inked people on the planet has expanded significantly. As distributed by the Daily News in Los Angeles, â€Å"Credible measurements on the quantity of individuals with tattoos are really hard to track down. Yet, in 2006, the Pew Research Center expressed that 36 percent of Americans ages 18-25, 40 percent of those 26-40 and 10 percent of individuals 41-64 have tattoos† (Auerbach, 2011). It is sheltered to state that the numbers have just been on the ascent from that point onward. Techniques Recently, inking has additionally gotten progressively famous for being instrumental as a strategy for plastic medical procedure for areola remaking (Aston, 2 009). The most well-known device utilized for inking is an electrically fueled tattoo machine that utilizes a needle or gathering of needles to penetrate ineradicable ink onto the skin so as to brighten the body for all time with a tattoo. After this agonizing method is attempted, the tattoo turns into a piece of a person’s clothing just as his/her character, and is flaunted as a style explanation, or an image of something one trusts in, or, as on account of some Indian entertainers like Deepika Padukone, even an image of adoration for one’s accomplice. This advantageous technique for inking with a drill-like machine, be that as it may, has been found as of late. Since inking had begun far back, when innovation was not as cutting edge, different techniques were under use to cause shading to infiltrate into the skin. In some innate societies, structures are cut into the skin and ink scouring cause shading. In others,

Friday, August 21, 2020

World Bank Junior Professional Associates Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

World Bank Junior Professional Associates Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One common question our office receives from young people interested in our degrees is, What can I do to help prepare myself for admission?   There is of course not a single answer to this question.   When it comes to work experience, successful applicants to our programs come from all walks of life.   You could literally name almost any sector and I think we could find someone in our applicant pool with experience in the stated field.   Communications, education, finance, government, entertainment, engineering, medicine, dance, security, and this list could go on and on. There are many unique programs as well that are avenues into the policy arena.   One specific example is the World Bank Junior Professional Associates Program (JPA).   The following comes from the JPA Web site: Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for and commitment to helping others? Are you looking for a solid, two-year entry-level work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank Groups  employment category: the Junior Professional Associates or JPA. In your JPA assignment, youll use your strong quantitative and qualitative analytical skills, your knowledge of technology and the web, and your research abilities working with more senior colleagues and project teams in their operational work. Youll have an opportunity to hone your skills and acquire new ones while gaining first-hand exposure to the challenges of development and poverty alleviation. Your experience as a JPA  can then be used as a stepping stone to a career in government, consulting, the private sector, or academia. To find out more visit the JPA Web site.

World Bank Junior Professional Associates Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

World Bank Junior Professional Associates Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One common question our office receives from young people interested in our degrees is, What can I do to help prepare myself for admission?   There is of course not a single answer to this question.   When it comes to work experience, successful applicants to our programs come from all walks of life.   You could literally name almost any sector and I think we could find someone in our applicant pool with experience in the stated field.   Communications, education, finance, government, entertainment, engineering, medicine, dance, security, and this list could go on and on. There are many unique programs as well that are avenues into the policy arena.   One specific example is the World Bank Junior Professional Associates Program (JPA).   The following comes from the JPA Web site: Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for and commitment to helping others? Are you looking for a solid, two-year entry-level work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank Groups  employment category: the Junior Professional Associates or JPA. In your JPA assignment, youll use your strong quantitative and qualitative analytical skills, your knowledge of technology and the web, and your research abilities working with more senior colleagues and project teams in their operational work. Youll have an opportunity to hone your skills and acquire new ones while gaining first-hand exposure to the challenges of development and poverty alleviation. Your experience as a JPA  can then be used as a stepping stone to a career in government, consulting, the private sector, or academia. To find out more visit the JPA Web site.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Animal Abuse Database Administration System - 2467 Words

According to the AARDAS (Animal Abuse Database Administration System) the four major causes of animal’s deaths include neglect, shooting, hoarding and fighting, followed by torture and mutation. (Evans 1) The abuse of animals is just one of the main rights that as humans we infiltrate. The ignorance of humans choosing to ignore the rights of innocent animals is drastically affecting our society. â€Å"The assumption that animals are without rights and the illusion that our treatment of them has no moral significance is a positively outrageous example of Western crudity and barbarity. Universal compassion is the only guarantee of morality.† (Author Schopenhauer). Animals have rights, and our society continues to overlook those rights by using them in research, factory farming, and holding them in captivity, and these issues must be addressed with all seriousness for the sake of the animals and our society. The history of animal rights dates back to 1824 when a small group from England formed the society for prevention of cruelty to the animals. (Owen 20) This group was formed in response to animals being forced to participate in bull baiting where dogs fought a tether ball. This act of entertainment ended with the tether ball winning while the dog was defeated and injured. The group managed to get the first couple laws passed forbidding cruel treatment such as bull baiting to animals. This was a milestone in animal rights history, and shortly after, the ASPCA (American SocietyShow MoreRelatedAnimal Abuse Database Administration System2501 Words   |  11 Pages â€Æ' .According to the AARDAS (Animal Abuse Database Administration System) the four major causes of animal’s deaths include neglect, shooting, hoarding and fighting, followed by torture and mutation. (Evans 1) The abuse of animals is just one of the main rights that as humans we infiltrate. The ignorance of humans choosing to ignore the rights of innocent animals is drastically affecting our society. â€Å"The assumption that animals are without rights and the illusion that our treatment of them hasRead MoreThe Evolution of Women in Nigeria1310 Words   |  6 Pagescolonialism. He grew up believing in the strong presence males and clearly demonstrates his alpha male character as head of the house. Mama Beatrice and her children is powerless and inferior to Papa. They are manipulated by Papa’s physical and mental abuse. Colonial missionaries and colonizers worked together to convert the people in Nigeria. Missionaries condemned the culture of Nigeria that challenged the â€Å"civil† traditions of Catholicism. However, Nigerian women represented Nigerian culture. AccordingRead MoreAlcoholism And Hypertension : The Rising Concerns Of National And Global Health Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism and Hypertension Introduction Alcohol and hypertension are two rising concerns in national and global health. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2014), 56.9% of adults in the United States have participated in drinking in the last month. Furthermore, 24.7% adults reported to participating in heavy or binge drinking. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in 2012, 3.3 million deaths or 5.9% of all global deaths were linked to alcoholRead MoreThe Effects Of Negative Family Experiences On The Mental And Physical Health Of A Child1890 Words   |  8 Pagesa child. Numerous researches have been done on the topic and they all come to the conclusion that physical child abuse, sexual child abuse, paternal alcoholism, paternal unavailability, and domestic violence are very important factors in having a negative effect on the health of the child (Wolfe Jaffe, 1999). Often children subject to such domestic violence develop childhood animal cruelty. One can also blame the media (TV and internet) for developing such behavior early in childhood as nowadaysRead MoreEvolution Of Human Microchip Technology2010 Words   |  9 Pagescoated in silicate glass material and implanted in the body of an individual. In most cases, a sub-dermal implant that typically comprises of a unique identity number is used. The implant is linked to several information sources such as external database which at times may contain personal identification number, medical account, allergies, medication and contact information. Microchips might form one of the most tracking materials. According to Ho (2010), there have been debates concerning thisRead More Privatization of American Prisons: a System for Profit Essay8583 Words   |  35 Pagesbelieves that the findings of this paper will show that privatization of American prisons is for the most part an ineffective means to run prisons because it has the potential to cause abuse and corruption at all levels and is done for the sole purpose of profit. Privatization of American Prisons A System for Profit In America today there is a trend in corrections of taking the job of running prisons out of the hands of state and federal governments and contracting it out to privateRead MoreTraffic Safety Essay4727 Words   |  19 PagesThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines aggressive driving as the operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger persons or propertyÂâ€"a traffic and not a criminal offense like road rage. Examples include speeding or driving too fast for conditions, improper lane changing, tailgating and improper passing. Approximately 6,800,000 crashes occur in the United States each year; a substantial number are estimated to be caused by aggressive drivingRead MoreEssay on Traffic Safety4603 Words   |  19 PagesTraffic Safety The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines aggressive driving as the operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger persons or property—a traffic and not a criminal offense like road rage. Examples include speeding or driving too fast for conditions, improper lane changing, tailgating and improper passing. Approximately 6,800,000 crashes occur in the United States each year; a substantial number are estimated to be causedRead MoreMarketing Proposal Project5597 Words   |  23 Pagespersonal computer and the Internet, are increasingly critical to economic success and personal advancement. According to Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide - a paper published by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) -- more Americans than ever have access to telephones, computers and the Internet. At the same time, however, NTIA has found that there is a significant digital divide separatin g Americans who have access to computers and the Internet andRead MoreRisk Benefit Analysis : A Review3004 Words   |  13 Pagesintroduced. It is also expressed in forms of other notable terms namely benefit to risk ratio, benefit risk difference, benefit versus risk, therapeutic margin or therapeutic index [1]. Benefit risk evaluations are carried out in the modern regulations systems since 1960 following thalidomide disaster [1]. However, it has been in the past decades that both industry and regulatory authorities have started to focus on actual methodology for conducting such benefit risk assessments. On the regulatory side

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Is Islam a Religion of Peace - 1879 Words

Islam is often spoken of, especially in the backdrop of the current prevalent terrorism of today’s world, as the religion of peace. In saying so, it is implied that Islam, as a religion, is opposed to warfare, extremism and terrorist activities. On the contrary, in the realm of political science, democracy is the system of government that is set up on a high pedestal. Democracy is not only portrayed as inherently virtuous, but is also a system that ensures peace and harmony in any region. Both democracy and Islam thus claim the right to peace, however, the fact that Muslim majority countries often adopt a non-democratic system of government creates a debate that has been fiercely relevant over the past century. While one group believes that Islam is strictly opposed to a government system that favours popular rule, the other stringently tries to establish the strong correlation between Islam and democracy. Bernard Lewis and Irfan Ahmed represent two voices in this dispute. Bernard Lewis article titled â€Å"Islam and Liberal Democracy: A Historical Overview presents the argument that Islam, in its essential nature and teachings, is inherently opposed to liberal democracy. He first defines the two keywords of the debate – Islam and democracy, and goes on to give historical and contextual evidence for why both are not compatible with each other. In defining democracy, he builds on Huntington as a useful starting point. An account of the influence of the West in the trajectory ofShow MoreRelatedIslam: A Religion of Peace3030 Words   |  13 PagesIslam: A Religion of Peace What is a Muslim? In what do the followers of Islam believe? In todays world, people should be asking these questions, if only to learn more about the world around them. In this paper, I will discuss how the basic ideas of Islam compare to the six bases of religion listed in our textbook. The six bases are: (1) deal in some way with peoples relationship to the unseen world of spirits, ancestors, gods and demons; (2) developed a system of myths about the unseen worldRead MoreIslam Religion Of Peace Or War Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesIslam a Religion of Peace or War Introduction: After the crisis of 9/11, the religion of Islam has raised a number of controversies. More specifically, the issue of Islam as a harmonious religion or not. In the last fifteen years, after 9/11, there has been multiple disputes among those believing Islam as a religion of peace, and those who believe otherwise. With any debate, numerous questions spring up to force the majority to believe their beliefs are the truth. Some of the questions orRead MoreReligion and Peace - Christianity and Islam894 Words   |  4 PagesThe message of peace is a fundamental universal concern which is relevant throughout our world today. Peace is not merely the ‘absence of war’, but a state of mind in which a sense of tranquillity comes from actively working towards right relationships with individuals and God. To understand the way in which Muslims and Christians view peace it is imperative to understand the source of the teachings for each religion. The principles teachings of pea ce for Both Christianity and Islam are primarilyRead MoreIslam Is A Religion Of Peace And Mercy Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagesaccuracy and precision of the claims made by Hisham. In this text, Hisham is asserting that Islam is a religion of peace and mercy that is diligent against disbelievers while highlighting Abbas’ contributions in establishing this disposition alongside the Prophet; his writing style intends to covertly arouse a sense of pride in the original Muslim audience of the passage and to instill favorable views of the religion and its founders in future readers. The excerpt opens by outlining the Truce of HudaybiaRead MoreIslam Is A Religion Of Peace And Forgiveness2101 Words   |  9 Pages Islam is to Surrender to God and clearance of polytheism, docile and obedient and solutions of peace and engage in religion preached by the Arab Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon him (Rahman 1). People who don t understand the Islamic religion might view it as fanatical and violent, but in reality it is a religion of peace and forgiveness. Islam is a religion that is growing to become one of the most important in our society, its one of the three largest in the world after Judaism and ChristianityRead MoreA Positive Coexistence Among All Tribes Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesA positive coexistence among all tribes is achievable. The teachings of Allah’s Prophet and those sidelined in the Quran, should be understood and used effectively allow peace prevail among religions. The Prophet Saheeh Muslim says in a statement that, â€Å"Whoever kills a person who has a truce with the Muslims will never smell the fragrance of Paradise.† This is one of the most respected teachings of Muslims. Muslims are very discipline to abide to this teaching. It states the need to advocate forRead MoreEssay on The Terrorists Attack on the World Trade Centre in New York1205 Words   |  5 Pagesabout Islam and Muslims. Moreover, Islamic concept â€Å"Jihad† is criticized and it is questioned among Non-Muslims. 9/11 attack not only effects non-Muslims but also the Muslims who have no connections with the terrorist groups. As well as they do not support these terrorism. These Muslims face the hatred of the non-western people. They feel guilty about the Sin, they neither commit nor support. After 9/11, The Muslims all over the world called as terrorist and Islam is considered as religion whichRead MoreThe Way Western Media Reports Events1073 Words   |  5 Page sto the incorrect perception that the extreme beliefs of ISIS are the same as pure Islamic beliefs, creating Westerners to have prejudiced views against Muslims and Islam. ISIS claims their actions are based off pure Islamic beliefs and justified by verses in the Quran, which causes Westerners to incorrectly perceive Islamic religion and ISIS’s beliefs to be the same. To Muslims, the Quran is not written from the peoples’ point of view, but is the actual word of God to be spread by the Prophet MuhammadRead MoreThe Middle East1289 Words   |  6 Pagesthe variety of cultures. There are three major religious based out of the middle east, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Why do these religions have such a rift between them, if their principles are similar? All three of the religions have similar qualities, and many differences, but is that still a reason to compete with each other the way that they do? Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all pray to one God, recognize Jesus Christ,share the Old Testament and carry Holy books. They share a commonRead MoreWhat Role Did Violence And Warfare Play During The Origins And The Rise Of Islam1078 Words   |  5 PagesFirst of all, we are talking about what role did violence and warfare play in the origins and the rise of Islam. Since the 1950s, Western countries led by the committee to allow the establishment of Islamic mullahs called on the community of believers. Freed from the oppression of Islam out of the only parts of the land has old Yugoslavia and modern Israel. The real windfall rooted in Islamic fundamentalism and religious revivalism, part of the Muslim Arab countries because the current situation

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Traditions of Western and Chinese Cultures Essay

ABSTRACT: In European atomic theory, Euclids geometry and Aristotles logic complement each other and are generally acknowledged sources of Western science. In China, the book Zhou Yi is the source of Chinese science because it system contains a unity of philosophic, logical and mathematical thinking. These two systems form the core of the scientific models of the Western and Chinese cultural traditions. In political and ideological arenas, the Western is a contract model based on the individual, but the Chinese is an entirety one base on human administration. In Western societies, the inner general tensile stress of contracts causes losses and breaks of action standards and values, but it also has features of reconstruction,†¦show more content†¦In political and ideological areas. The Western is a contract model built on the basis of individuals, but the Chinese is an entirety one built on the basis of man administration. In the Western societies, the inner general tensile s tress of contracts causes losses and breaks of action standards and values, but it has features of reconstruction, regeneration and creation. The entirety theory is contrary. Its breaks and losses cause a whole collapse, but as it is frar from the balance condition, it has a tendency of super-stability structures through the inner adjustment. The two traditions of western and Chinese cultures formed in the axis period of human history still has a great life -force today. The proverb two poles are interlined still has a realistic significance for us to understand the real life of human society. From the visual angle of mankind culture, the scientific humanist George Sartor pointed out, In all traditions the science tradition is the most rational or of the fewest non - ration and The understanding of civilization history should be mainly concentrated in the history of science. Jose Li, the world -know historian of science thinks that the unity of sciences exists among the mutual exchanges and mixtures of various cultural traditions, and that, to investigateShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Chinese Law884 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the Chinese system may incorporate some of the Western legal tradition, it does not solely influence the Chinese law. The western counterparts are tweaked into the Chinese legal system to create its own tradition – the Chinese legal system. China has a socialist market economy which co–exists with a larger part of the public sector in the economy. Moreover, the state, unlike other Western countries and legal traditions, is seen as bot h the policymaker and the regulator to an extent which mayRead MoreA Balance Approach On Eastern And Western Civilizations786 Words   |  4 Pages A balance approach on Eastern and Western civilizations ethical thoughts on how we all ought to live have different perspectives. We also have to understand that the Chinese culture is built in pure tradition and respect, therefore this society has managed to thrive for so long. Yet every culture has its faults and its own viewpoints from different influences. In fact, practical focus and closeness to pre- theoretical experiences led us to believe that situations that may cause us to protect ourRead Moreâ€Å"Young and Restless in China† Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesIn the PBS Documentary, â€Å"Young and Restless in China,† the stress forced upon young Chinese is an uncomfortable side-effect of the country’s accelerated growth. It is consequently a nation’s youth being torn between old Chinese traditions and the new ideas brought from western cultures.. This makes it more difficult than ever for young Chinese to maneuver their way through the land of booming economy and opportunities. LifeRead More Chinese Culture Essay example814 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferently than western parts of the world. Chinese culture varies greatly compared to ours. These great differences between eastern culture and western culture make China a very interesting place. Some of the vast differences include literature, social structure, and government. The greatest difference is Chinese philosophy and way of thinking. China has developed a strict system of tradition that has given China great advantages and disadvantages. This is shown in Chinese literature. Tradition in ChinaRead MoreHeritage Assessment Paper1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States has contributed to health disparities in the health care system. Cultural competence can remove health disparities by eliminating personal biases, and treating every person with respect. Simply recognizing and accepting different cultures is not enough, one must be able to consistently recognize and understand the differences in order to be culturally competent. Knowledge and culturally competent practices are a must for nurses to deliver quality care in our rapidly changing multiculturalRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The People Of China1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Globalization is a worldwide growth phenomenon where economies, communities, and traditions are being integrated through increased interaction (Goodman). However, the phenomenon has come amid controversies. It has both positive and negative effects on the globe. Positive effects include globalization of western corporations that at some point had their businesses solely operating in the western nations (Goodman). Fast communication channels have interconnected people around the world throughRead MoreA Community That Effects The Lifestyle Of The Elderly Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the different aspects of a community that effects the lifestyle of the elderly community in different parts of the world. Religion, tradition, and law are three important influences on the treatment of this community of people. Many Asian cultures have religions that are deep rooted, which date back thousands of years. Although Confucius was Chinese, Confucianism has been practiced throughout all of Asia. In Korea, many of the practices when it comes to aging is based on the Confucian valueRead MoreThe Basic Values Of Confucianism Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesMany Asian cultures have religions that are deep rooted, which date back thousands of years. Although Confucius was Chinese, Confucianism has been practiced throughout all of Asia. In Korea, many of the practices when it comes to aging is based on the Confucian value of Filial Piety. â€Å"In Confucian philosophy, filial piety is a virtue of respect for one s parents, elders, and ancestors† CITATION Wik16 l 1033 (Filial piety, n.d.). This is one of the three basic values of Confucianism, but often itRead MoreFoot-Binding Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesThe practice of Foot-Binding entered into Mainstream Chinese culture around the 12th and 1 3th centuries (Feng 236), a time when the emerging conservative movement and the creation of a new social class system severely lowered the status of women. The restructuring of the social class system was driven by new and increased prosperity and created a new and higher standard of living that was enjoyed by the new upper class of scholars and farmers. The higher standard of living of the once lower statureRead MoreInfluencing Chinese International Students Academic Adjustment822 Words   |  4 PagesInfluencing Factors of Chinese International Students’ Academic Adjustment As mentioned in the introduction, this research seeks to understand Chinese students’ academic adaptation and cross-cultural learning experiences in Canadian universities. In the previous chapter, Hofstede’s (1991) five cultural dimensions were identified as a means of explaining how Chinese students learn differently from their American counterparts, and they were offered as a theoretical framework to guide the researcher